CompTIA Updated N10-008 Exam Questions and Answers by august

ping -t is an option for the ping command in Windows that allows the user to send continuous ping requests to a target until stopped by pressing Ctrl-C. This can help the technician run a constant ping command while testing various possible reasons for the connectivity issue. ping -w is an option for the ping command in Windows that allows the user to specify a timeout value in milliseconds for each ping request. ping -i is an option for the ping command in Linux that allows the user to specify the time interval in seconds between each ping request. ping -s is an option for the ping command in Linux that allows the user to specify the size of the data payload in bytes for each ping request.

References: How to Use the Ping Command in Windows - Lifewire (https://www.lifewire.com/ping-command-2618099)

A peer-to-peer network is a type of network in which each computer (or node) can communicate directly with any other node, without requiring a central server or authority. Each node can act as both a client and a server, and can share its own resources, such as files, printers, or internet connection, with other nodes. A peer-to-peer network allows users to directly access and exchange what is on or attached to their computers, with equal permissions and responsibilities

OSPF uses multicast to communicate routing updates among routers within the same area. OSPF routers send and receive link-state advertisements (LSAs) using IP multicast addresses 224.0.0.5 (all OSPF routers) and 224.0.0.6 (all OSPF designated routers) 1. Multicast allows OSPF to send routing updates efficiently and selectively, without flooding the entire network or requiring acknowledgments from every router

A north-south traffic flow is a term used to describe the communication between a user or device outside the network and a server or service inside the network. For example, a public internet user accessing a published web server is a north-south traffic flow. This type of traffic flow typically crosses the network perimeter and requires security measures such as firewalls and VPNs. References: CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Certification Study Guide, page 16; The Official CompTIA Network+ Student Guide (Exam N10-008), page 1-9.

North-south traffic flow refers to the flow of traffic between the internal network of an organization and the external world. This type of traffic typically flows from the internet to the organization's internal network, and back again.

Examples of north-south traffic flow include:

• A public internet user accessing a published web server
• A remote employee connecting to a VPN
• An email client sending email to an external server
• A customer connecting to an e-commerce website

References:

• CompTIA Network+ N10-008 Exam Objectives, Version 5.0, August 2022, page 12
• CompTIA Network+ Certification Study Guide, Seventh Edition, Todd Lammle, Sybex, 2022, page 17