CompTIA Updated N10-008 Exam Questions and Answers by edwin

An on-path attack (also known as a man-in-the-middle attack) is a type of security attack where the attacker places themselves between two devices (often a web browser and a web server) and intercepts or modifies communications between the two1. The attacker can then collect information as well as impersonate either of the two agents. For example, an on-path attacker could capture login credentials, redirect traffic to malicious sites, or inject malware into legitimate web pages.

The other options are not correct because they describe different types of attacks:

•IP spoofing is the practice of forging the source IP address of a packet to make it appear as if it came from a trusted or authorized source2.

•VLAN hopping is a technique that allows an attacker to access a VLAN that they are not authorized to access by sending packets with a modified VLAN tag3.

•Rogue DHCP is a scenario where an unauthorized DHCP server offers IP configuration parameters to clients on a network, potentially causing network disruption or redirection to malicious sites4.

References

2: Understanding Targeted Attacks: What is a Targeted Attack?

3: Types of attacks - Security on the web | MDN

1: What is an on-path attacker? | Cloudflare

4: [What is a Rogue DHCP Server? - Definition from Techopedia]

This subnet mask will allow you to have six usable IP addresses in each subnet, with a minimum of wasted addresses. You can use the following formula to calculate the number of subnets and the subnet ID for each subnet:

Number of subnets = 2^network bits Subnet ID = (subnet number - 1) x number of host addresses + network address

The network bits are the number of 1s in the binary representation of the subnet mask, and the network address is the first address in the range. For example, if your range is 192.168.1.0/27, then the network bits are 27, the network address is 192.168.1.0, and the number of host addresses is 30. Therefore, the number of subnets is 2^27, and the subnet ID for the first subnet is (1 - 1) x 30 + 192.168.1.0 = 192.168.1.0. The subnet ID for the second subnet is (2 - 1) x 30 + 192.168.1.0 = 192.168.1.32, and so on.

References

• Subnet masks are covered in Objective 1.4 of the CompTIA Network+ N10-008 certification exam1.
• Subnet masks can be calculated based on binary and CIDR-block notations2.
• Subnet masks can be used to determine the number of host bits and host addresses3.

1: CompTIA Network+ Certification Exam Objectives, page 4 2: IPv4 Subnet Masks – N10-008 CompTIA Network+ : 1.41 3: Calculating IPv4 Subnets and Hosts – N10-008 CompTIA Network+ : 1.44

When a fiber uplink is operating at 100% capacity for an extended period of time, it can cause sustained link saturation. This can impact the network's performance by increasing latency. Latency is the time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to its destination. When there is link saturation, packets may have to wait in a queue before being transmitted, which increases the time it takes for them to reach their destination. As a result, users may experience delays or timeouts when accessing network resources.

Other metrics such as jitter, speed, and bandwidth are also important, but they are not as directly impacted by sustained link saturation as latency.

 Biometrics is a type of authentication that uses a person’s physical characteristics, such as fingerprints, iris, or face, to verify their identity. An access control vestibule is a small room or area that separates two spaces and allows only one person to enter or exit at a time. Biometrics in an access control vestibule is the most effective physical security method to prevent tailgating, which is the unauthorized entry of a person behind another person who has legitimate access.

References: Network+ Study Guide Objective 5.1: Summarize the importance of physical security controls.