Isaca Updated CISA Exam Questions and Answers by rachel

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Audit findings should be communicated as early as possible to avoid misunderstandings, provide an opportunity for corrective action, and ensure transparency.

Option A (Incorrect):The planning phase involves defining audit scope, objectives, and methodology, but findings are not yet available to discuss with management.

Option B (Incorrect):The reporting phase formalizes audit results, but discussing issuesonlyat this stage may lead to delays in corrective action.

Option C (Incorrect):The follow-up phase ensures that management has implemented corrective actions, but this occursafterthe initial discussion of findings.

Option D (Correct):The fieldwork phase is when auditors activelygather evidence, analyze data, and identify issues. Discussing observationsduringthis phase allows for immediate clarification, validation, and resolution of misunderstandings before the final report.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Failure torevoke access upon terminationposes the greatest security risk, as ex-employees could still access sensitive data or systems.

No Policy to Revoke Access (Correct Answer – A)

A terminated employee retaining access can lead todata breaches or insider threats.

Example:A former employee misuses active credentials to access financial systems.

Lack of Security Awareness Training (Incorrect – B)

Important but does not pose an immediate security risk like an active ex-employee account.

No NDAs (Incorrect – C)

Protects intellectual property but is not as critical as system access.

No Access Revocation for Role Changes (Incorrect – D)

Still a concern, but ex-employees with active access are ahigherrisk.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

Zero Trustis based on the principle of"never trust, always verify,"makingidentity validationthe most critical aspect.

Option A (Incorrect):Firmware updatesare important for security but are onlyone partof aZero Trustapproach.

Option B (Correct):Device and user identity validationensures that onlyauthorizedentities can accesscritical resources, reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Option C (Incorrect):User awarenessis important but does not enforce access control, which isfundamentalto Zero Trust.

Option D (Incorrect):Encryptionsecures data but does not controlwho can access resources, which is the primary focus of Zero Trust.

The most significant risk from not testing patches before putting them into production is the lack of system integrity. Patches are software updates that fix bugs, vulnerabilities or performance issues in an application system. However, patches may also introduce new errors, conflicts or compatibility issues that could affect thefunctionality, reliability or security of the system4. By not testing patches before putting them into production, the organization exposes itself to the risk of system failures, data corruption or unauthorized access. Loss of application support, outdated system documentation and developer access to production are also risks from not testing patches, but they are not as significant as the lack of system integrity. References:

CISA Review Manual, 27th Edition, page 2951

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