ISC Updated CISSP Exam Questions and Answers by paula

The most appropriate source for test data is production data that has been sanitized before loading into a test environment. Sanitization is the process of removing or modifying sensitive or confidential information from the data, such as personal identifiers, financial records, or trade secrets. Sanitized data preserves the characteristics and structure of the original data, but reduces the risk of exposing or compromising the data in the test environment. Production data that is secured and maintained only in the production environment is not a suitable source for test data, as it may not be accessible or available for testing purposes. Test data that has no similarities to production data is not a realistic or reliable source for test data, as it may not reflect the actual scenarios or conditions that the system will encounter in the production environment. Test data that is mirrored and kept up-to-date with production data is not a secure or ethical source for test data, as it may violate the privacy or confidentiality of the data owners or subjects, and expose the data to unauthorized access or modification in the test environment. References: 4: Data Sanitization: What It Is and How to Implement It55: Test Data Management: Best Practices and Methodologies

 A potential risk when a program runs in privileged mode is that it may allow malicious code to be inserted. Privileged mode, also known as kernel mode or supervisor mode, is a mode of operation that grants the program full access and control over the hardware and software resources of the system, such as memory, disk, CPU, and devices. A program that runs in privileged mode can perform any action or instruction without any restriction or protection. This can be exploited by an attacker who can inject malicious code into the program, such as a rootkit, a backdoor, or a keylogger, and gain unauthorized access or control over the system . References: : What is Privileged Mode? : Privilege Escalation - OWASP Cheat Sheet Series

A penetration test is a simulated attack on a system or network, performed by authorized testers, to evaluate the security posture and identify vulnerabilities that could be exploited by malicious actors. The overall goal of a penetration test is to determine the system’s ability to withstand an attack, and to provide recommendations for improving the security controls and mitigating the risks12. References: 1: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 7, page 7572: CISSP For Dummies, 7th Edition, Chapter 7, page 233.

The most effective layer of security the organization could have implemented to mitigate the attacker’s ability to gain further information is to implement logical network segmentation at the switches. Logical network segmentation is the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks or segments based on criteria such as function, role, or access level. This way, the organization can isolate the traffic and data of different segments, and limit the exposure and impact of an attack. If the attacker has installed a sniffer onto an inside computer, logical network segmentation can prevent the sniffer from capturing the traffic and data of other segments, thus reducing the information leakage. The other options are not as effective as logical network segmentation, as they either do not prevent the sniffer from capturing the traffic and data (A and B), or do not detect or stop the attack ©. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, page 163; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, page 173.