ISC Updated CISSP Exam Questions and Answers by nahla

Storage Area Network (SAN): SANs are designed for centralized storage and access control mechanisms can be implemented to track users and their activities.

• Backup Media, Backup Server, Database Server, Web Server: These are typically secured components within a system and would likely have user authentication and access logging mechanisms.
• Laptop: Laptops are portable and might be used outside the organization's secure network. They may not have the same level of monitoring and logging as the other components, making it more difficult to hold users accountable for their access to information.

The primary security concern for an organization that publishes and periodically updates its employee policies in a file on their intranet is integrity. Integrity is the property that ensures that the data or the information is accurate, complete, consistent, and authentic, and that it has not been modified, altered, or corrupted by unauthorized or malicious parties. Integrity is a primary security concern for the employee policies file on the intranet, as it can affect the compliance, trust, and reputation of the organization, and the rights and responsibilities of the employees. The employee policies file must reflect the current and valid policies of the organization, and must not be changed or tampered with by anyone who is not authorized or qualified to do so. Availability, confidentiality, and ownership are not the primary security concerns for the employee policies file on the intranet, as they are related to the accessibility, protection, or attribution of the data or the information, not the accuracy or the authenticity of the data or the information. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 20. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 33.

The most effective attack against cryptographic hardware modules is power analysis. Power analysis is a type of side-channel attack that exploits the physical characteristics or behavior of a cryptographic device, such as a smart card, a hardware security module, or a cryptographic processor, to extract secret information, such as keys, passwords, or algorithms. Power analysis measures the power consumption or the electromagnetic radiation of the device, and analyzes the variations or patterns that correspond to the cryptographic operations or the data being processed. Power analysis can reveal the internal state or the logic of the device, and can bypass the security mechanisms or the tamper resistance of the device. Power analysis can be performed with low-cost and widely available equipment, and can be very difficult to detect or prevent. Plaintext, brute force, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) are not the most effective attacks against cryptographic hardware modules, as they are related to the encryption or transmission of the data, not the physical properties or behavior of the device. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5, Cryptography and Symmetric Key Algorithms, page 628. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 5, Cryptography and Symmetric Key Algorithms, page 644.

The primary security concern as staff is released from the organization is the loss of data and separation of duties. The loss of data is the event or the situation where the data is deleted, corrupted, stolen, or leaked by the staff who are leaving the organization, either intentionally or unintentionally, and where the data is no longer available or recoverable by the organization. The loss of data can compromise the confidentiality, the integrity, and the availability of the data, and can cause damage or harm to the organization’s operations, reputation, or objectives. The separation of duties is the principle or the practice of dividing the tasks or the responsibilities among different staff or roles, to prevent or reduce the conflicts of interest, the collusion, the fraud, or the errors. The separation of duties can be compromised when the staff is released from the organization, as it can create the gaps or the overlaps in the tasks or the responsibilities, and it can increase the risk of the unauthorized or the malicious access or activity. Inadequate IT support, undocumented security controls, and additional responsibilities for remaining staff are not the primary security concerns as staff is released from the organization, as they are related to the quality, the transparency, or the workload of the IT operations, not the loss of data or the separation of duties. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 29. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 44.