ECCouncil Updated 312-38 Exam Questions and Answers by yusra

The scenario described is a classic example of a ransomware attack. Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts the victim’s data, rendering it inaccessible, and then demands payment for the decryption key. In this case, the attacker has encrypted the company’s billing information and client records and is asking for money to restore access, which is characteristic of ransomware attacks.

References: This definition aligns with the information provided by sources such as IBM, which describes ransomware as malware that holds a victim’s data or device hostage, threatening to keep it locked—or worse—unless a ransom is paid1. Additionally, the Wikipedia page on ransomware provides a comprehensive overview of this type of malware, including its operation and the typical demand for a ransom in exchange for decryption2.

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) is the relevant standard for any organization that stores, processes, or transmits cardholder data. It outlines a set of requirements designed to ensure that all companies that handle credit card information maintain a secure environment. This includes specific measures for protecting stored cardholder data, encrypting data transmission across public networks, and maintaining a vulnerability management program, among others123.

References: The information provided is based on the PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide and other official documents that detail the requirements for securing cardholder data as per the standards set by the PCI Security Standards Council123.

 The Local Administrator Password Solution (LAPS) is a Microsoft tool that provides a solution for managing the local administrator password on domain-joined computers. Its primary function is to generate a unique password for each local administrator account and then securely store this password in the Active Directory (AD). When LAPS is implemented, it enhances security by ensuring that local administrator accounts have uniquepasswords, which reduces the risk of Pass-the-Hash attacks and other similar credential theft techniques.

References: This information aligns with the objectives and documentation of the ECCouncil’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which emphasizes the importance of securing credentials and managing privileged accounts in a Windows AD environment12.

Containers are designed to be lightweight, running directly within the host’s kernel without the need for a guest operating system. This means they share the same OS kernel but maintain separate user spaces. While this architecture provides process-level isolation, it does not offer the same level of security as a fully isolated virtual machine (VM). VMs include a full copy of an operating system, a virtual copy of the hardware that the OS requires to run, and provide complete isolation from the host system. Containers, on the other hand, are less secure because if the host OS is compromised, all containers could potentially be compromised. The Certified Network Defender (CND) program emphasizes understanding the security implications of different technologies, including containers, and the importance of implementing appropriate security measures to protect network resources123.

References: The information provided here is aligned with the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum, which covers network security, defense strategies, and the differences between containers and VMs in terms of security45. For more detailed information, please refer to the official CND study materials and documents provided by the EC-Council.