Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by sufyan

Performing a gap analysis is the first step to ensure the security policy framework encompasses the new business model because it is a process of comparing the current state of security policies and controls with the desired or required state. A gap analysis helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing security policy framework, as well as the opportunities and threats posed by the new business model. A gap analysis also helps to prioritize the actions and resources needed to close the gaps and align the security policy framework with the new business objectives and requirements. Therefore, performing a gap analysis is the correct answer.

The contribution of recovery point objective (RPO) to disaster recovery is to define backup strategy because it determines the maximum amount of data loss that is acceptable to an organization after a disruption, and guides the frequency and type of backups needed to restore the data to a usable format1. Minimize outage periods is not a contribution of RPO, but rather a contribution of recovery time objective (RTO), which defines the maximum amount of time that is acceptable to restore normal operations after a disruption2. Eliminate single points of failure is not a contribution of RPO, but rather a goal of high availability (HA), which ensures that systems or services are continuously operational and resilient3. Reduce mean time between failures (MTBF) is not a contribution of RPO, but rather a measure of reliability, which indicates the average time that a system or component operates without failure4. References: 1 https://www.druva.com/glossary/what-is-a-recovery-point-objective-definition-and-related-faqs 2 https://www.druva.com/glossary/what-is-a-recovery-time-objective- definition-and-related-faqs 3 https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/high-availability 4 https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/mean-time-between-failures

= After a breach where the risk has been isolated and forensic processes have been performed, the next step should be to rebuild the server from the last verified backup. This will ensure that the server is restored to a known and secure state, and that any malicious code or data that may have been injected or compromised by the attacker is removed. Rebuilding the server from the original media may not be sufficient, as it may not include the latest patches or configurations that were applied before the breach. Placing the web server in quarantine or shutting it down may not be feasible or desirable, as it may disrupt the business operations or services that depend on the server. Rebuilding the server from the last verified backup is the best option to resume normal operations while maintaining security. References =

CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 118: “Recovery is the process of restoring normal operations after an incident. Recovery activities may include rebuilding systems, restoring data, applying patches, changing passwords, and testing functionality.”

Data Breach Experts Share The Most Important Next Step You Should Take After A Data Breach in 2014 & 2015, snippet: “Restore from backup. If you have a backup of your system from before the breach, wipe your system clean and restore from backup. This will ensure that any backdoors or malware installed by the hackers are removed.”

A brute force attack is a type of cyberattack that attempts to gain unauthorized access to an account, file, or other protected information by trying different combinations of usernames and passwords until finding the correct one. Brute force attacks can be very effective if the target system has weak or default passwords, or if the attacker has access to a large number of potential credentials. To mitigate this risk, an organization should implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for its critical systems. MFA is a security method that requires users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity before accessing a system or service. For example, MFA can involve using a password in addition to a code sent to a phone or email, or using a biometric factor such as a fingerprint or face scan. MFA can significantly reduce the impact of brute force attacks by making it harder for attackers to guess or obtain valid credentials, and by increasing the time and effort required for them to compromise the system. References = CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3: Information Security Risk Management, Section 3.1: Risk Identification, p. 115-1161. CISM Review Manual (Print Version), Chapter 3: Information Security Risk Management, Section 3.1: Risk Identification, p. 115-1162. CISM ITEM DEVELOPMENT GUIDE, Domain 3: Information Security Program Development and Management, Task Statement 3.1, p. 193.