Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by sufyan

 Before transferring personal data across borders, an organization should first assess the local or regional regulations that apply to the data protection and privacy of the data subjects. This will help the organization to identify the legal requirements and risks involved in the data transfer, and to choose the appropriate tools and safeguards to ensure compliance and protection. For example, the organization may need to obtain consent from the data subjects, use adequacy decisions, standard contractual clauses, or other mechanisms to ensure an adequate level of protection in the third country, or rely on specific derogations for certain situations. The other options are not the first steps to take, although they may be relevant at later stages of the data transfer process. References =

Guide to the cross-border transfer of personal data in the GDPR

New guidance issued by the EDPB on international transfers of personal data

Requirements for transferring personal information across borders

A gap analysis is a tool that helps to identify the current state of compliance and the desired state of compliance, as well as the actions needed to achieve the desired state. A gap analysis should be done before implementing any specific controls or solutions, such as encryption, data minimization, or ROI analysis.

References = CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, page 65; Information Security Architecture: Gap Assessment and Prioritization, ISACA Journal, volume 2, 2018.