Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by ariel

 The CEO is the best able to influence the security culture within an organization because the CEO sets the tone and direction for the organization and has the authority and responsibility to ensure that the organization’s objectives are aligned with its strategy. The CEO can also communicate the importance and value of information security to all stakeholders and foster a culture of security awareness and accountability. The CISO, CIO and COO are important roles in information security management, but they do not have the same level of influence and authority as the CEO. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 221; CISM Exam Content Outline, Domain 1, Task 12

The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) is responsible for leading and coordinating an organization's information security program, and as such, is in a prime position to influence the security culture within the organization. The CISO is responsible for setting policies and standards, educating employees about security risks and best practices, and ensuring that the organization is taking appropriate measures to mitigate security risks. By demonstrating a strong commitment to information security, the CISO can help to create a security-aware culture within the organization.

The greatest concern with the situation of privileged employee access requests to production servers being approved but not logged is the lack of accountability, which means the inability to trace or verify the actions and decisions of the privileged users. Lack of accountability can lead to security risks such as unauthorized changes, data breaches, fraud, or misuse of privileges. Logging user actions is a key component of privileged access management (PAM), which helps to monitor, detect, and prevent unauthorized privileged access to critical resources. The other options, such as lack of availability, improper authorization, or inadequate authentication, are not directly related to the situation of not logging user actions. References:

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/business/security-101/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam

https://www.ekransystem.com/en/blog/privileged-user-monitoring-best-practices

https://www.beyondtrust.com/resources/glossary/privileged-access-management-pam