Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by lennox

A key risk indicator (KRI) is a metric that provides an early warning of potential exposure to a risk. A KRI should be relevant, measurable, timely, and actionable. The most important factor in an organization’s selection of a KRI is the criticality of information, which means that the KRI should reflect the value and sensitivity of the information assets that are exposed to the risk. For example, a KRI for data breach risk could be the number of unauthorized access attempts to a database that contains confidential customer data. The criticality of information helps to prioritize the risks and focus on the most significant ones. References: https://www.isaca.org/credentialing/cism https://www.wiley.com/en-us/CISM+Certified+Information+Security+Manager+Study+Guide-p-9781119801948

According to the CISM Review Manual, one of the primary roles of the information security manager in application development is to ensure that security is integrated into the SDLC. This means that security requirements, design, testing, deployment, and maintenance are all considered and addressed throughout the application development process. By doing so, the information security manager can help to prevent or mitigate security risks, ensure compliance with standards and regulations, and improve the quality and reliability of the application1

The other options are not as accurate as ensuring security is integrated into the SDLC. Ensuring compliance with industry best practices is a secondary role of the information security manager in application development, as it involves following established guidelines and frameworks for secure application development. However, compliance alone does not guarantee that security is actually implemented in the application. Ensuring enterprise security controls are implemented is a tertiary role of the information security manager in application development, as it involves applying existing policies and procedures for managing and monitoring security activities across the organization. However, enterprise controls alone do not ensure that security is tailored to the specific needs and context of each application. Ensuring control procedures address business risk is a quaternary role of the information security manager in application development, as it involves identifying and assessing potential threats and vulnerabilities that could affect the business objectives and operations of each application. However, business risk alone does not ensure that security measures are aligned with the value proposition and benefits of each application1

References = 1: CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, ISACA, 2020, pp. 30-31…

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Communicating and enforcing policies demonstrates leadership commitment and drives behavior across the organization, fostering a culture of security.

“Policies must be effectively communicated and enforced to influence culture and employee behavior.”

— CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 1: Information Security Governance, Section: Security Culture*

The information security manager should first obtain legal guidance when there is a conflict between the organization’s information security policy and a local regulation, because this will help to understand the implications and consequences of the conflict, and to identify the possible options and solutions for resolving it. The information security manager should also consult with the relevant stakeholders, such as senior management, business owners, and information owners, to determine the best course of action that aligns with the organization’s objectives, risk appetite, and compliance obligations. Enforcing the local regulation or the organization’s information security policy without legal guidance may expose the organization to legal liabilities, security risks, or operational disruptions. Obtaining an independent assessment of the regulation may be helpful, but it is not the first step to take.

References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, page 691; A Guide to ISACA CISM Domains & Domain 1: Information Security Governance2