Isaca Updated CISM Exam Questions and Answers by danyal

Performing a risk analysis is the first step when implementing a security program because it helps to identify and prioritize the potential threats and vulnerabilities that may affect the organization’s assets, processes, or objectives, and determine their impact and likelihood. Implementing data encryption is not the first step, but rather a possible subsequent step that involves applying a specific security control or technique to protect data from unauthorized access or modification. Creating an information asset inventory is not the first step, but rather a possible subsequent step that involves identifying and classifying the organization’s assets based on their value and sensitivity. Determining the value of information assets is not the first step, but rather a possible subsequent step that involves estimating and quantifying the worth of information assets to the organization. References: https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2015/volume-6/measuring-the-value-of-information-security-investments https://www.isaca.org/resources/isaca-journal/issues/2017/volume-3/how-to-measure-the-effectiveness-of-your-information-security-management-system

Security awareness training is the most effective way to ensure information security policies are understood, as it educates employees on the purpose, content and importance of the policies, and how to comply with them. (From CISM Review Manual 15th Edition)

The risk owner (A) is best positioned to approve specific risk treatment options because they are accountable for the business process or asset affected by the risk and ultimately bear the consequences of that decision. CISM clearly distinguishes between roles that advise on risk (e.g., information security manager, risk management function) and those that own and accept risk. Senior management (D) defines risk appetite and tolerance, but day-to-day treatment decisions are delegated to risk owners within those boundaries. Approving treatment options requires an understanding of operational impact, cost, and business value—making the risk owner the appropriate authority.