GARP Updated 2016-FRR Exam Questions and Answers by selena

JPMorgan Chase's expected tail-loss methodology in VaR calculations involves:

First, computing VaR at the 99% confidence level.

Then, determining the expected tail loss in excess of that confidence level, which is then compared with the VaR estimate at the 99% confidence level.

This approach helps in understanding the potential extreme losses that might occur beyond the 99% confidence threshold.

Risk and Control Self-Assessments (RCSA) distinguish themselves from other types of assessments because they include both a risk assessment and a control assessment. This combined approach allows for a comprehensive view of both the potential risks and the effectiveness of the controls in place to mitigate those risks.

In the event of a bank liquidation, the order of repayment is as follows:

Depositors: They are given priority as they are often covered by deposit insurance schemes to maintain confidence in the banking system.

Debt Holders: After depositors, holders of the bank’s debt are repaid. This includes both secured and unsecured creditors, with secured creditors having a higher claim.

Shareholders: They are last in line to receive any remaining funds after all other obligations have been satisfied. Common shareholders are the last to be paid, after preferred shareholders.

This hierarchy ensures that the most senior and secured claims are addressed first, providing a structured approach to liquidation.

When Alpha Bank completes a foreign exchange matched transaction, it buys Brazilian reals in the market immediately after selling them to the customer, thus matching the position. This process eliminates market risk as the bank is no longer exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Australian dollar and the Brazilian real.

Customer Transaction:

Alpha Bank sells BRL 100 million to the customer and receives AUD 1,010,000.

Market Transaction:

Alpha Bank immediately buys BRL 100 million in the market at the rate of 100, paying AUD 1,000,000.

By matching its position, the bank ensures that it is not exposed to changes in the exchange rate, thereby eliminating market risk.

References

Source: How Finance Works​