Isaca Updated COBIT-2019 Exam Questions and Answers by aila

Stakeholder drivers and needs must be defined before determining alignment goals. Stakeholder drivers and needs are the requirements or expectations of the internal or external stakeholders of the enterprise, such as customers, employees, shareholders, regulators, etc. Alignment goals are the intermediate goals that link the enterprise goals with the governance and management objectives. Alignment goals are derived from the stakeholder drivers and needs, and they reflect how information and technology can support the enterprise strategy and objectives. Therefore, stakeholder drivers and needs must be defined before alignment goals can be determined.12 References: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, COBIT 2019 Framework: Governance System

The industry sector is a design factor that describes the type of business or economic activity that an enterprise engages in. The industry sector influences the governance and management of information and technology in terms of the specific standards, guidelines, regulations, best practices, challenges, opportunities, etc., that are applicable or relevant for that sector. The industry sector that can be characterized by a low level of regulation and a high level of focus on cost is nonprofit enterprises. Nonprofit enterprises are organizations that operate for a social or environmental purpose rather than for profit. Nonprofit enterprises typically have a low level of regulation compared to other sectors such as financial, health care, public, etc., which have more stringent and complex compliance requirements regarding their information and technology activities. Nonprofit enterprises also have a high level of focus on cost, as they have limited resources and funding, and they need to optimize their spending and demonstrate their accountability and transparency to their donors, beneficiaries, partners, etc. Therefore, nonprofit enterprises need to ensure that their information and technology governance system is efficient, effective, and value-driven.

 The chief information officer (CIO) ensures the board is kept informed of major decisions related to value delivery of I&T deployment in accordance with the enterprise strategy. The CIO is the senior executive responsible for leading, directing, and managing the information and technology function of the enterprise. The CIO has a strategic role in aligning I&T with business requirements, ensuring I&T performance, managing I&T risks, fostering innovation, etc. The CIO ensures the board is kept informed of major decisions related to value delivery of I&T deployment by providing regular reports, updates, feedback, recommendations, etc., as well as by participating in board meetings or committees.1 References: COBIT 2019 Framework: Introduction and Methodology, [COBIT 2019 Framework: Roles, Responsibilities & RACI Charts]

 A quantitative approach involves numeric mapping tables created for each of the design factors. According to the COBIT 2019 Design Guide, a quantitative approach is one of the four possible approaches for designing a governance system based on the design factors. A design factor is a characteristic of the enterprise that influences how the governance system should be designed. A quantitative approach uses numeric values to represent the impact of each design factor on the governance components, such as processes, organizational structures, roles, and practices. The numeric values are derived from mapping tables that show how each design factor affects each governance component. The mapping tables are based on empirical data, expert judgment, or best practices. The quantitative approach helps to provide a more objective and consistent way of designing a governance system that is tailored to the enterprise context and needs. References: : COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information & Technology Governance Solution, page 54 : COBIT 2019 Design Guide: Designing an Information & Technology Governance Solution, page 56