Huawei Updated H12-821_V1.0 Exam Questions and Answers by minahil

Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)uses(S, G) addressinginstead of the traditional(*, G)used inAny-Source Multicast (ASM).

IGMP SSM Mappingis used to enableIGMPv1 and IGMPv2 hosts(which do not support explicit source selection) to work in anSSM environmentbymapping (*, G) to (S, G).

A. TRUE→ The mapping allows IGMPv1/v2 to function in anSSM network.

B. TRUE→IGMPv3 natively supports SSM, soSSM mapping is not needed for IGMPv3.

C. FALSE→ TheSSM address range is 232.0.0.0/8 in IPv4, but this isnot the only range used for SSM globally.

D. TRUE→If IGMP SSM mapping is disabled, IGMPv1/v2 cannot work in an SSM networkbecause they do not supportexplicit source selection.

????Reference:Huawei HCIA-Datacom Study Guide, IGMP Versions and SSM Mapping.

Secure access channels include protocols that encrypt the transmitted data to protect against interception or unauthorized access. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) ensures data encryption over web communications, while SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) provides secure file transfer by utilizing SSH for data encryption. Telnet and SNMPv2, on the other hand, lack robust encryption and are considered insecure. Huawei security standards highlight the importance of encrypted communication to prevent data leaks ​.

The IPv6 address 2001:0DBB:B8:0000:C030:0000:0000:09A0:CDEF can be compressed by removing leading zeros in each segment and collapsing consecutive zero groups into ::. The result is 2001:DBB:B8:0:C030::9A0:CDEF ​.

Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. What is VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)?

VRF is a network virtualization technology that enables multiple isolated routing tables to coexist on a single physical device.

Each VRF instance is independent, which ensures separation between different VPNs or users.

2. Resources That VRF Can Independently Own:

Option A: Interface

Correct.

Each VRF instance can have its own set of interfaces. These interfaces are bound to a specific VRF, isolating traffic at the physical or logical port level.

Option B: Routing table

Correct.

VRF instances maintain independent routing tables. This ensures that routes for one VPN do not overlap or interfere with routes of another VPN.

Option C: MAC address table

Incorrect.

The MAC address table is part of Layer 2 operations and is shared by all VRF instances on the device. VRF operates at Layer 3 and does not isolate MAC address tables.

Option D: Routing protocol process

Correct.

Each VRF instance can run its own routing protocol processes (e.g., OSPF, BGP), and these processes are completely independent of other VRF instances.

3. Summary:

The correct resources that can be independently owned by a VRF instance areInterface,Routing Table, andRouting Protocol Process.