CompTIA Updated PT0-003 Exam Questions and Answers by aron

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

While several items listed are important parts of an overall engagement package, the authorization letter (often called written authorization, engagement letter, or authorization to test) is mandatory before testing begins — it explicitly grants permission to test specified systems under defined scope and constraints and provides legal protection for both parties. An RoE typically references or attaches the NDA (A), includes escalation/contact processes (B), and provides target lists (C), but without the formal authorization letter the engagement should not proceed.

CompTIA PT0-003 Mapping:

Domain 1.0 Planning and Scoping — obtain written authorization and define rules of engagement prior to testing.

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To bypass two-factor authentication (2FA) and gain access to the executives’ accounts, the tester should use Evilginx with a typosquatting domain. Evilginx is a man-in-the-middle attack framework used to bypass 2FA by capturing session tokens.

Phishing with Evilginx:

Evilginx is designed to proxy legitimate login pages, capturing credentials and 2FA tokens in the process.

It uses "phishlets" which are configurations that simulate real login portals.

Typosquatting:

Typosquatting involves registering domains that are misspelled versions of legitimate domains (e.g., example.co instead of example.com).

This technique tricks users into visiting the malicious domain, thinking it's legitimate.

Steps:

Configure an External Domain: Register a typosquatting domain similar to the company’s domain.

Set Up Evilginx: Install and configure Evilginx on a server. Use a phishlet that mimics the company's mail portal.

Send Phishing Emails: Craft phishing emails targeting the executives, directing them to the typosquatting domain.

Capture Credentials and 2FA Tokens: When executives log in, Evilginx captures their credentials and session tokens, effectively bypassing 2FA.

Pentest References:

Phishing: Social engineering technique to deceive users into providing sensitive information.

Two-Factor Authentication Bypass: Advanced phishing attacks like those using Evilginx can capture and reuse session tokens, bypassing 2FA mechanisms.

OSINT and Reconnaissance: Identifying key targets (executives) and crafting convincing phishing emails based on gathered information.

Using Evilginx with a typosquatting domain allows the tester to bypass 2FA and gain access to high-value accounts, demonstrating the effectiveness of advanced phishing techniques.

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The presence of SMB (port 445) and MSRPC (port 135) indicates potential Windows network services that could be vulnerable to misconfigurations or exploits.

Enumerate shares and search for vulnerabilities on SMB (Option B):

SMB (Server Message Block) allows file and printer sharing. Misconfigured or open shares could contain sensitive data.

Tools like enum4linux or smbclient can be used to list available shares and check for anonymous access.

SMB vulnerabilities (e.g., EternalBlue - CVE-2017-0144) can be exploited for remote code execution.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

The find command shown here recursively searches the entire filesystem (/) for files (-type f) and lists them with detailed information (-ls), including file ownership, group, size, and permissions. The results are then redirected into /tmp/recon.txt.

This is typically performed as part of post-exploitation local enumeration to gather information on:

Files and their permission settings.

Potential world-writable or sensitive files (e.g., /etc/shadow, SSH keys, config files).

Misconfigurations that could lead to privilege escalation.

Thus, the tester’s main objective is permission enumeration — identifying files and directories with insecure permissions that could be exploited.

Why not the others:

B. Secrets enumeration: While secrets might later be found in files, the command’s intent is general permission/file listing, not targeted secret extraction.

C. User enumeration: The command doesn’t list users or accounts (no /etc/passwd or who queries).

D. Service enumeration: This doesn’t inspect running services or open ports.

CompTIA PT0-003 Objective Mapping:

Domain 2.0: Information Gathering and Vulnerability Scanning

2.5: Perform local enumeration on compromised hosts (e.g., file and permission enumeration).

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