Isaca Updated CRISC Exam Questions and Answers by elian

The correct answer isCbecauseinsufficient IoT policies and procedurescreate the greatest security risk. In an environment with many IoT devices, governance and control are essential. Without clear policies and procedures, the organization may fail to define security requirements, ownership, configuration standards, patching responsibilities, access restrictions, monitoring expectations, and acceptable use requirements. This creates widespread unmanaged exposure across the network.

The other choices are less significant from a security-risk perspective:

A. Inadequate network bandwidthis mainly a performance issue.

B. Lack of interoperability between IoT devicesis primarily an operational or compatibility issue.

D. Increased maintenance costs for IoT devicesis a financial concern, not the greatest direct security risk.

Exact Extracts supporting the answer:

“When evaluating risks related to Internet of Things (IoT) devices used on enterprise networks the first recommendation should address IoT devices with hard-coded passwords.”

“Enterprise policies are the most influential factor in determining an enterprise’s approach to risk management.”

“The BEST way to identify IS control deficiencies is through defined control objectives.”

“The MOST important criterion when reviewing information security controls is ensuring that the controls are effectively addressing risk.”

These extracts show that IoT risk must be addressed through governance, defined requirements, and effective controls. Since policies and procedures establish how IoT devices are secured and managed, insufficient IoT policies and procedures present the greatest security risk.

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According to the Risk Appetite vs. Risk Tolerance: What is the Difference? article, risk tolerance is the acceptable level of variation that an organization is willing to accept around a specific objective. Risk tolerance is usually expressed as a range or a limit, and it helps to guide the decision making and risk taking of the organization. The best way to promote adherence to the risk tolerance level set by management is to define the expectations in the enterprise risk policy, which is a document that establishes the organization’s risk management framework, principles, and objectives. By defining the expectations in the enterprise risk policy, the organization can communicate the risk tolerance level to all the relevant stakeholders, and ensure that they understand and follow the risk management guidelines and standards. This can help to create aconsistent and coherent risk culture across the organization, and to avoid any deviations or violations of the risk tolerance level. References = Risk Appetite vs. Risk Tolerance: What is the Difference?

 The ratio of emergency fixes to total changes is the best metric to determine if the change management program is performing as expected, because it reflects the quality and stability of the changes that are implemented in the production environment. A high ratio of emergency fixes to total changes indicates that the change management program is not effective, as it means that many changes are causing problems or failures that require urgent correction. A low ratio of emergency fixes to total changes indicates that the change management program is effective, as it means that most changes are well-planned, tested, and approved, and do not cause significant disruptions or defects. The ratio of emergency fixes to total changes can also help identify the root causes of the problems, the gaps in the change management process, and the areas for improvement. For example, if the ratio of emergency fixes to total changes is high, it may indicate that the change management program has issues with the following aspects: - Change request and approval: The change management program may not have a clear and consistent process for requesting, reviewing, and approving changes, or the process may not be followed by all stakeholders. - Change impact analysis: The change management program may not have acomprehensive and systematic method for assessing the potential impact of the changes on thebusiness processes, the IT systems, the users, and the customers. - Change testing and validation: The change management program may not have adequate testing and validation procedures to ensure that the changes meet the requirements and specifications, and do not introduce errors or vulnerabilities. - Change communication and training: The change management program may not have effective communication and training strategies to inform and educate the affected parties about the changes and their implications. - Change implementation and monitoring: The change management program may not have proper implementation and monitoring plans or tools to ensure that the changes are executed smoothly and successfully, and that any issues or incidents are detected and resolved promptly. Therefore, the ratio of emergency fixes to total changes is the best metric to determine if the change management program is performing as expected, as it can provide valuable feedback and insights for the change management program and its improvement. References = How to Measure Change Management Effectiveness: Metrics, Tools & Processes1, Metrics for Measuring Change Management2, Driving Value with Change Management Metrics3, Must-Know Organizational Change Management Metrics