Isaca Updated CDPSE Exam Questions and Answers by bogdan

The use of personal data in model training is the primary privacy risk with LLMs, since once trained, models may retain, reproduce, or infer personal data without proper controls. Hallucinations (B), expertise shortages (C), and interoperability issues (D) are operational or performance risks, but not privacy risks.

“Training models on personal data can result in unintended retention, exposure, or disclosure of sensitive information.”

Sectoral is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that apply to specific sectors or industries within a jurisdiction, such as health, finance, education or telecommunications. Sectoral privacy protection is typically characterized by having different rules and standards for different types of personal data or data processing activities, depending on the sensitivity and value of the data or the impact and risk of the processing. When a government’s health division established the complete privacy regulation for only the health market, it is using a sectoral privacy protection reference model, as it is addressing the specific needs and challenges of the health sector in terms of privacy protection. The other options are not applicable in this scenario. Co-regulatory is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that are supplemented by self-regulation mechanisms, such as codes of conduct, standards or certification schemes, developed by industry associations or professional bodies with oversight from government agencies or regulators. Comprehensive is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that apply to all sectors and industries within a jurisdiction, regardless of the type or nature of personal data or data processing activities. Self-regulatory is a privacy protection reference model that refers to a system of laws and regulations that rely on voluntary compliance by organizations with their own policies and procedures, without any external oversight or enforcement from government agencies or regulators1, p. 63-64 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)

The most important consideration when writing an organization’s privacy policy is to align the statements to the organizational practices, because this will help ensure that the policy is accurate, consistent, and transparent. A privacy policy is a document that explains how the organization collects, uses, discloses, and protects personal data from its customers, employees, partners, and other stakeholders. A privacy policy should reflect the actual data processing activities and privacy measures of the organization, as well as comply with the applicable laws and regulations. A privacy policy that is not aligned with the organizational practices may lead to confusion, mistrust, or legal liability12.