ECCouncil Updated 212-82 Exam Questions and Answers by norah

Availability is the information security element that ensures that Stella’s transaction status is immediately reflected in her bank account in this scenario. Information security is the practice of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Information security can be based on three fundamental principles: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality is the principle that ensures that information is accessible only to authorized parties and not disclosed to unauthorized parties. Integrity is the principle that ensures that information is accurate, complete, and consistent and not altered or corrupted by unauthorized parties. Availability is the principle that ensures that information and information systems are accessible and usable by authorized parties when needed. In the scenario, Stella purchased a smartwatch online using her debit card. After making payment for the product through the payment gateway, she received a transaction text message with a deducted and available balance from her bank. This means that her transaction status was immediately reflected in her bank account, which indicates that availability was ensured by her bank’s information system. 

Traceroute is the network troubleshooting utility employed by Steve in the above scenario. Traceroute is a utility that traces the route of packets from a source host to a destination host over a network. Traceroute sends ICMP echo request packets with increasing TTL (Time to Live) values and records the ICMP echo reply packets from each intermediate router or gateway along the path. Traceroute can help identify the network hops, latency, and packet loss between the source and destination hosts . Dnsenum is a utility that enumerates DNS information from a domain name or an IP address. Arp is a utility that displays and modifies the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) cache of a host. Ipconfig is a utility that displays and configures the IP (Internet Protocol) settings of a host.

20.20.10.19 is the source IP address of the SYN flooding attack in the above scenario. SYN flooding is a type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack that exploits the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) three-way handshake process to disrupt the network and gain advantage over the network to bypass the firewall. SYN flooding sends a large number of SYN packets with spoofed source IP addresses to a target server, causing it to allocate resources and wait for the corresponding ACK packets that never arrive. This exhausts the server’s resources and prevents it from accepting legitimate requests . To determine the source IP address of the SYN flooding attack, one has to follow these steps:

• Navigate to the Documents folder of Attacker-1 machine.
• Double-click on Synflood.pcapng file to open it with Wireshark.
• Click on Statistics menu and select Conversations option.
• Click on TCP tab and sort the list by Bytes column in descending order.
• Observe the IP address that has sent the most bytes to 20.20.10.26 (target server).

The IP address that has sent the most bytes to 20.20.10.26 is 20.20.10.19 , which is the source IP address of the SYN flooding attack.

PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3 is the PCI-DSS requirement that is demonstrated in this scenario. PCI-DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) is a set of standards that applies to entities that store, process, or transmit payment card information, such as merchants, service providers, or payment processors. PCI-DSS requires them to protect cardholder data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. PCI-DSS consists of 12 requirements that are grouped into six categories: build and maintain a secure network and systems, protect cardholder data, maintain a vulnerability management program, implement strong access control measures, regularly monitor and test networks, and maintain an information security policy. PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3 is part of the category “maintain a vulnerability management program” and states that antivirus mechanisms must be actively running and cannot be disabled or altered by users, unless specifically authorized by management on a case-by-case basis for a limited time period. In the scenario, Ayden works from home on his company’s laptop. During working hours, he received an antivirus software update notification on his laptop. Ayden clicked on the update button; however, the system restricted the update and displayed a message stating that the update could only be performed by authorized personnel. This means that his company’s laptop has an antivirus mechanism that is actively running and cannot be disabled or altered by users, which demonstrates PCI-DSS requirement no 5.3.