ECCouncil Updated 312-50v13 Exam Questions and Answers by azlan

CEH v13 highlights that multi-vector DDoS attacks require multi-layer DDoS mitigation services, often cloud-based, capable of analyzing, filtering, and scrubbing traffic across network, transport, and application layers. These providers maintain massive bandwidth capacity, global scrubbing centers, and behavioral analysis engines that distinguish legitimate sessions from malicious floods. SYN floods and HTTP GET floods require different mitigation techniques simultaneously, which typical firewalls or WAFs cannot handle without dropping legitimate traffic. Blocking SYN packets (Option A) would disrupt normal users. A WAF (Option C) handles only Layer 7 traffic and does not mitigate network-layer volumetric attacks. Increasing bandwidth (Option D) is ineffective against large botnet attacks. Therefore, deploying a multi-layer cloud DDoS protection service is the most effective solution for resilient, real-time mitigation.

The TCP three-way handshake is the foundational mechanism used to establish a reliable connection between two devices. The sequence is as follows:

The client sends a SYN (synchronize) packet to the server to initiate the connection.

The server replies with a SYN-ACK (synchronize-acknowledge) packet.

The client sends an ACK (acknowledge) packet back to the server.

Therefore, the connection starts with a SYN packet from the client.

White-hat hackers perform security assessments with authorization. CEH defines ethical hacking as legal, structured testing of network defenses with the goal of improving security rather than causing harm.

CEH v13 stresses that IoT-to-OT convergence is one of the most dangerous architectures in critical infrastructure environments. IoT devices often lack strong security controls and become ideal entry points for lateral movement into OT systems controlling physical processes.

The immediate priority is to secure the communication boundary between IoT and OT systems. Implementing strong encryption, authentication, and access control ensures that even if an IoT device is compromised, it cannot be used as a pivot point. CEH v13 explicitly recommends network segmentation and secure communication channels as first-response containment measures.

Penetration testing (Option A) is valuable but time-consuming and not an immediate mitigation. ML-based tools (Option C) require training time and are not instant safeguards. IPS deployment (Option D) helps detect attacks but does not prevent credential abuse or trusted-path exploitation between IoT and OT layers.

By enforcing secure protocols, certificates, and authentication mechanisms, the organization reduces attack surface immediately. Thus, Option B is correct.