NREMT Updated EMT Exam Questions and Answers by mali

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Thereassessment phasein the EMT patient assessment model starts with repeating theprimary survey(also called the primary assessment), which includes:

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Disability (mental status)

Exposure/environment

The purpose is to identify any changes or deterioration in the patient’slife-threatening conditions, especially in dynamic or unstable patients. Only after this do EMTs check vitals and reevaluate secondary complaints.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

CPAPworks by delivering continuous positive pressure to keep alveoli open and improve oxygenation. However, complications include:

Hypotension: Due to reduced venous return and cardiac preload

Feeling of suffocation: Common psychological reaction to a tight-fitting mask and forced airflow

It isused to treat, not cause, pulmonary edema. It doesnot induce bronchospasmor myocardial infarction.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The patient’sexcessively high respiratory rate (RR 50),hypoxia (SpO₂ 89%), anddecreased mental status(drowsiness) indicaterespiratory failure, which is theinability to maintain oxygenation or ventilation.

Respiratory distress: Increased effort but adequate compensation

Respiratory arrest: Complete absence of breathing

Respiratory alkalosis: Possible early finding, but not a condition diagnosis

This patient is tiring and losing the ability to ventilate effectively — a hallmark of failure.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

Hepatitis Avirus is transmittedexclusively via the fecal-oral route. Ingesting contaminated food or water allows the virus to enter the digestive tract, infecting liver cells. It's often spread through poor hand hygiene or unsanitary food handling.

It isnot bloodborne, unlike Hepatitis B and C. It is not commonly spread through saliva or urine.