ECCouncil Updated 312-40 Exam Questions and Answers by xanthe

Rufus has created a RAID 0 array, which is characterized by the following features:

• Performance: RAID 0 is known for its high performance in both read and write operations because it uses striping, where data is split evenly across two or more disks without parity information.
• No Overhead by Parity Control: RAID 0 does not use parity control, which means there is no redundancy in the data. This contributes to its high performance but also means there is no fault tolerance.
• Storage Capacity: The total storage capacity of a RAID 0 array is equal to the sum of all the disk capacities in the set, as there is no disk space used for redundancy.
• Lack of Fault Tolerance: RAID 0 is not fault-tolerant; if one disk fails, all data in the array is lost. Therefore, it is not recommended for critical data storage.
• Use Case: It is ideal for non-critical data that requires high-speed reading and writing, such as temporary files or cache data.

References:RAID 0 is often used to improve the performance of disk I/O (input/output) and is suitable for environments where speed is more critical than data redundancy. However, due to its lack of fault tolerance, it is not recommended for storing critical data that cannot be easily replaced or recovered.

Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) supports server-side encryption (SSE) to protect the contents of messages in queues using SQS-managed encryption keys or keys managed in the AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS).

• Enable SSE on Amazon SQS: When you create a new queue or update an existing queue, you can enable SSE by selecting the option for server-side encryption.
• Choose Encryption Keys: You can choose to use the default SQS-managed keys (SSE-SQS) or select a custom customer-managed key in AWS KMS (SSE-KMS).
• Secure Data Transmission: With SSE enabled, messages are encrypted as soon as Amazon SQS receives them and are stored in encrypted form.
• Decryption for Authorized Consumers: Amazon SQS decrypts messages only when they are sent to an authorized consumer, ensuring the security of the message contents during transit.

References:Amazon SQS provides server-side encryption to protect sensitive data in queues, using either SQS-managed encryption keys or customer-managed keys in AWS KMS1. This feature helps in meeting strict encryption compliance and regulatory requirements, making it suitable for scenarios where secure message transmission is critical12.

To disable password-based remote logins for the root account on an EC2 instance running Amazon Linux AMI, Kevin should modify the SSH configuration as follows:

• Open SSH Configuration: Using a text editor, open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.
• Find PermitRootLogin Directive: Locate the line #PermitRootLogin yes. The # indicates that the line is commented out.
• Modify the Directive: Change the line to PermitRootLogin without-password. This setting allows root login using authentication methods other than passwords, such as SSH keys, while disabling password-based root logins.
• Save and Close: Save the changes to the sshd_config file and exit the text editor.
• Restart SSH Service: To apply the changes, restart the SSH service by running sudo service sshd restart or sudo systemctl restart sshd, depending on the system’s init system.

References:The PermitRootLogin without-password directive in the SSH configuration file is used to enhance security by preventing password-based authentication for the root user, which is a common target for brute force attacks. Instead, it requires more secure methods like SSH key pairs for authentication. This change is part of best practices for securing SSH access to Linux servers.

• Disaster Recovery (DR) Testing: DR testing is a critical component of a disaster recovery plan (DRP). It ensures that the plan is effective and can be executed in the event of a disaster1.
• Plan Review: A plan review is a type of DR testing where stakeholders involved in the development and implementation of the DRP closely examine the plan to identify any inconsistencies or missing elements1.
• Purpose of Plan Review: The goal of a plan review is to ensure that the DRP is comprehensive, up-to-date, and capable of being implemented as intended. It involves a thorough examination of the plan’s components1.
• Scenario in Question: In the scenario described, Andrew Gerrard and his team are reviewing their DRP to determine inconsistencies and missing elements. This aligns with the activities involved in a plan review1.
• Exclusion of Other Options: While simulation tests and table-top exercises are also types of DR testing, they involve more active testing of the DRP’s procedures. Since the scenario specifically mentions examining the plan for inconsistencies and missing elements, it indicates a plan review rather than a simulation or exercise1.

References:

• LayerLogix’s article on Disaster Recovery Testing in 20231.