MikroTik Updated MTCNA Exam Questions and Answers by liberty

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for diagnostics and error reporting in IP networks. It is encapsulated directly within IP datagrams and not over UDP or TCP. It does not guarantee delivery — it merely provides feedback about problems (e.g., host unreachable, time exceeded).

MTCNA Course Material – ICMP and Network Tools:

“ICMP is used for error messages and operational queries such as ping and destination unreachable. It is encapsulated in IP and does not use TCP or UDP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – ICMP Section:

“ICMP provides diagnostic information. It is a Layer 3 protocol encapsulated directly in IP. It does not provide guaranteed delivery.”

MikroTik Wiki – ICMP Overview:

“ICMP packets are carried in IP packets and used for control messages. They are not transported using TCP or UDP.”

Breakdown:

Statement 1: False – ICMP does not guarantee delivery

Statement 2: True – provides network problem feedback

Statement 3: True – encapsulated in IP

Statement 4: False – ICMP is not encapsulated in UDP

Correct set: 2 and 3

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 106 [RouterOS Introduction]

Which Layer 4 protocol is used for a Telnet connection?

A. IP

B. TCP

C. TCP/IP

D. UDP

Answer: B

Telnet is a protocol used to access remote devices via command-line over the network. It operates over TCP at Layer 4, using port 23.

MTCNA Course Material – Layer 4 Protocols:

“Telnet uses TCP port 23 for remote shell access. TCP ensures ordered and reliable delivery of commands and responses.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – TCP/IP Protocols:

“Telnet is an Application Layer protocol using TCP as its transport protocol.”

MikroTik Wiki – Telnet Access:

“Telnet communicates over TCP. It does not use UDP.”

Other options:

A. IP is a Layer 3 protocol

C. TCP/IP is a model, not a single protocol

D. Telnet does not use UDP

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 107 [RouterOS Introduction]

Which of the following are layers in the TCP/IP model?

Application

Session

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical

A. 1 and 2

B. 1, 3 and 4

C. 2, 3 and 5

D. 3, 4 and 5

Answer: B

The TCP/IP model has four layers:

Application

Transport

Internet

Network Access (includes Data Link & Physical in OSI terms)

Session is part of the OSI model, not TCP/IP.

MTCNA Course Material – TCP/IP vs OSI Model:

“The TCP/IP model has Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access layers. Application includes OSI’s Session, Presentation, and Application layers.”

René Meneses MTCNA Guide – Model Comparison:

“The TCP/IP model consists of: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access (which covers Data Link and Physical). Session layer is part of OSI.”

So, correct TCP/IP layers from the given list:

Application (✔)

Transport (✔)

Internet (✔)

Session is not part of TCP/IP model.

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 108 [RouterOS Introduction]

Which statements are true regarding ICMP packets?

They acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment.

They guarantee datagram delivery.

They can provide hosts with information about network problems.

They are encapsulated within IP datagrams.

A. 1 only

B. 2 and 3

C. 3 and 4

D. 2, 3 and 4

Answer: C

Reiterating from earlier:

ICMP does not acknowledge TCP segments; that’s TCP’s job.

ICMP does not guarantee delivery; it’s an unreliable protocol.

ICMP does provide diagnostics (e.g., unreachable, TTL exceeded).

ICMP is encapsulated directly in IP, not over TCP/UDP.

MTCNA Course Material – ICMP Behavior:

“ICMP is used for control messages like ping and unreachable. It provides feedback and is encapsulated in IP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – ICMP & IP Layer:

“ICMP is a Layer 3 protocol, not used to acknowledge TCP, and is wrapped in IP datagrams.”

Correct:

Statement 3: True

Statement 4: True

Binary to Decimal:

10011101

= 1×2^7 + 0×2^6 + 0×2^5 + 1×2^4 + 1×2^3 + 1×2^2 + 0×2^1 + 1×2^0

= 128 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1

= 157

Decimal to Hexadecimal:

157 ÷ 16 = 9 remainder 13 → 13 = D

So, 157 = 0x9D

MTCNA Course Material – Binary and Hex Conversion:

“Convert binary to decimal by summing powers of 2. Then convert decimal to hexadecimal by dividing by 16.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Number Systems:

“For binary 10011101, the decimal is 157, and hex is 9D.”

Only Option B is correct: 157, 0x9D.

Final Answer: BQUESTION NO: 110 [RouterOS Introduction]

If you use either Telnet or FTP, which is the highest layer you are using to transmit data?

A. Application

B. Presentation

C. Session

D. Transport

Answer: A

Protocols like Telnet and FTP are considered Application Layer protocols in the OSI model. They operate at Layer 7, providing interfaces for user-level interaction and command control.

MTCNA Course Material – TCP/IP vs OSI Model:

“Telnet, FTP, HTTP are Application Layer protocols. They operate at the top of the OSI stack (Layer 7).”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Protocol Layers:

“Telnet and FTP reside at the Application Layer. They initiate data exchange between hosts.”

Presentation and Session layers are not separately used in the TCP/IP model and are merged into the Application Layer.

Transport (Layer 4) is used by these protocols (via TCP), but the protocol itself resides at the Application Layer.

Final Answer: AQUESTION NO: 111 [RouterOS Introduction – IP Addressing]

Which class of IP address provides a maximum of only 254 host addresses per network ID?

A. Class A

B. Class B

C. Class C

D. Class D

Answer: C

Class C networks are defined as IP addresses with the first octet in the range of 192 to 223. Their default subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 (/24), which provides:

2^8 = 256 total addresses

Minus 2 (1 for network address, 1 for broadcast)

→ 254 usable host addresses

MTCNA Course Material – IP Address Classes:

“Class C has a default mask of /24. This allows for 254 hosts per network.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – IP Classes:

“Class C = 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, 254 usable hosts per subnet.”

Other classes:

Class A: ~16 million hosts

Class B: ~65,000 hosts

Class D: used for multicast (not host assignment)

Final Answer: CQUESTION NO: 112 [RouterOS Introduction – Protocols]

Which of the following services use UDP?

DHCP

SMTP

SNMP

FTP

HTTP

TFTP

A. 1, 3 and 6

B. 2 and 4

C. 1, 2 and 4

D. All of the above

Answer: A

UDP is a connectionless protocol used by several lightweight or stateless network services. Among the listed services:

DHCP: Uses UDP (Ports 67 and 68)

SNMP: Uses UDP (Ports 161/162)

TFTP: Uses UDP (Port 69)

Other protocols:

SMTP: Uses TCP (Port 25)

FTP: Uses TCP (Ports 20 and 21)

HTTP: Uses TCP (Port 80)

MTCNA Course Material – Protocols and Ports:

“UDP is used for DHCP, SNMP, TFTP. TCP is used for SMTP, FTP, HTTP.”

René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Port Assignments:

“TCP: FTP, SMTP, HTTP. UDP: DHCP, SNMP, TFTP.”

Only 1, 3, and 6 use UDP.

Netinstall is a MikroTik utility used to reinstall or repair RouterOS on RouterBOARD devices. It can be used to:

Reinstall RouterOS while preserving the existing license (✔B)

Install a different version of RouterOS – either older or newer (✔C)

Limitations:

A.✘Incorrect – Netinstall will erase the configuration; it cannot recover a lost admin password without wiping the device.

D.✘Incorrect – You can only install software meant for the specific hardware architecture of the RouterBOARD.

Extract from Official MTCNA Course Material – Netinstall Tool:

“Netinstall can be used to reinstall RouterOS and change its version. It does not erase the license key.”

Extract from René Meneses MTCNA Study Guide – Recovery Tools:

“Netinstall allows you to load any RouterOS version compatible with your device. It does not delete the license.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Netinstall Overview:

“Netinstall reinstalls the OS, can change versions, and retains license. It cannot recover configuration or passwords.”

When a router forwards traffic between two interfaces (such as from LAN to WAN), it uses the forward chain. HTTP traffic initiated by users destined to external servers passes through this chain.

A.✘prerouting – Used mainly for routing decisions and NAT, not filtering.

B.✔forward – Used to filter transit traffic.

C.✘output – For traffic originating from the router itself.

D.✘input – For traffic destined to the router itself.

Extract from MTCNA Course Material – Firewall Chains:

“Client-to-server traffic, like browsing the web, passes through the forward chain when routed through the router.”

Extract from René Meneses Study Guide – Firewall Structure:

“To block or allow traffic passing through the router (LAN to Internet), use the forward chain.”

Extract from MikroTik Wiki – Firewall Filtering Overview:

“forward: filters all transit traffic routed through the router.”

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