Paloalto Networks Updated NGFW-Engineer Exam Questions and Answers by roisin

NetFlow is a Layer 3 (network layer) protocol that collects and monitors IP traffic flows. It is typically configured on Layer 3 interfaces because it relies on IP information for traffic flow analysis, which is not available on Layer 2 interfaces. Layer 2 interfaces handle frames within the local network, and they don't have IP-related details that NetFlow uses to generate traffic statistics.

In the context of virtual systems (VSYS) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall, the external zone is typically associated with specific interfaces within a VSYS. Zones are fundamental security objects used to define traffic flow between interfaces, and the external zone would be used for interfaces that connect to external networks.

An external zone is associated with an interface within a VSYS of the firewall. This ensures that traffic from specific interfaces can be classified as belonging to the external zone, allowing the firewall to apply appropriate security policies.

The external zone is indeed a security object that is specific to a given VSYS, as each VSYS can have its own set of zones that are isolated from others.

By default, the Autonomous Digital Experience Manager (ADEM) traffic is configured to use the management interface in a Palo Alto Networks firewall. The management interface is typically used for management-related traffic, such as monitoring and logging, and it is configured to handle ADEM-related traffic for the optimal performance of digital experience monitoring features.

This default configuration helps ensure that ADEM traffic does not interfere with regular traffic that may traverse other interfaces, such as traffic from security zones or IPSec tunnels.

In Palo Alto Networks firewalls, each virtual system (VSYS) is typically isolated from other VSYSs, meaning that traffic between different VSYSs cannot pass through the firewall by default. In this case, since the interfaces for each VSYS are assigned to separate virtual routers (VRs), and the desired traffic is still not passing between the two VSYSs, the firewall needs to be explicitly configured to allow traffic between them.

The required configuration is to add each VSYS to the list of visible virtual systems of the other VSYS. This allows inter-VSYS communication to be enabled, effectively permitting the traffic to pass between the zones of different VSYSs.