Red blood cells (RBCs), also known as erythrocytes, are specialized cells in the blood responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. RBCs contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen molecules. Hemoglobin is composed of four subunits, each containing an iron ion that can bind one molecule of oxygen. This binding and release of oxygen are critical for cellular respiration, which provides energy for the body's metabolic processes. The unique biconcave shape of RBCs increases their surface area for efficient gas exchange and allows them to navigate through the narrow capillaries.
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Question 17
Facial bones that compose the massive upper jawbones are called:
The facial bones that compose the massive upper jawbones are called the maxillary bones. These bones form the upper jaw and hold the upper teeth. They also play a crucial role in the formation of the orbits of the eyes, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate. The maxillary bones are key structures in the facial skeleton, contributing to both the aesthetic and functional aspects of the face.
References:
Gray's Anatomy
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology by Elaine N. Marieb
Neoplasm refers to a new growth of tissue, which can be benign or malignant. It is an abnormal proliferation of cells, and when malignant, it is commonly referred to as cancer. The term encompasses a wide range of growths and tumors, varying in behavior, treatment, and prognosis.
References:
Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
Cancer Biology by Raymond W. Ruddon
Question 19
Serum:
Options:
A.
can be used for all blood chemistry tests
B.
can be used for most hematology tests
C.
is the clear liquid that can be separated from clotted blood
Serum is the clear, yellowish fluid that remains after blood has clotted and the clot has been removed. It is essentially plasma without the clotting factors (like fibrinogen). Serum can be separated from clotted blood and is used for various blood chemistry tests, but not typically for most hematology tests, which require whole blood or plasma.Reference:Nationally Registered Certified Medical Assistant study materials, clinical laboratory textbooks.
