ECCouncil Updated 312-85 Exam Questions and Answers by verity

Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) are nonprofit organizations established to facilitate secure sharing of threat intelligence among companies within a specific industry sector.

ISACs provide:

A trusted platform for sharing cyber threat indicators.

Secure mechanisms for communication and collaboration.

Analytical services that enhance shared threat data for participating members.

Each ISAC is industry-specific (for example, Financial Services ISAC, Energy ISAC) and provides members with reports, advisories, and data analytics to strengthen collective defense.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

Trading partners: Share intelligence directly between organizations with established business relationships.

Informal contacts: Represent ad hoc, trust-based sharing without a formal structure.

Commercial vendors: Offer paid threat intelligence feeds or services, not nonprofit community-based sharing.

Conclusion:

Tech Knights Inc. should use an Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) to share intelligence securely and collaboratively.

Final Answer: B. Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs)

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

According to CTIA’s section on “Information Sharing Models,” ISACs are nonprofit entities that promote collaboration and data exchange for cyber threat intelligence within industry sectors.

A model where all threat data is collected, analyzed, and distributed through a single central hub defines a Centralized Exchange Architecture.

In this architecture:

All participants send their data to a central system.

The central hub processes, correlates, and redistributes intelligence.

It ensures uniform analysis, consistency, and efficient management.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Decentralized: Each participant shares data directly with others without a central hub.

B. Federated: Each organization maintains its own data but participates in shared analysis through agreed protocols.

C. Hybrid: Combines elements of centralized and decentralized systems for flexibility.

Conclusion:

The described setup represents a Centralized Exchange Architecture.

Final Answer: D. Centralized exchange architecture

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

CTIA classifies centralized architectures as systems that collect and distribute threat data through a single authoritative node.

In this scenario, the robot learns through trial and error, receiving positive or negative feedback to improve its actions over time. This describes Reinforcement Learning (RL).

Reinforcement Learning is a machine learning approach where an agent interacts with an environment to achieve a goal. It learns optimal behavior by taking actions, receiving feedback (rewards or penalties), and refining its strategy to maximize cumulative rewards.

This method is widely used in robotics, game theory, and autonomous systems where explicit labeled data is not available, but performance can be measured by rewards.

Why the Other Options Are Incorrect:

Unsupervised learning: Involves finding patterns or clusters in unlabeled data without feedback.

Semi-supervised learning: Combines a small set of labeled data with a large amount of unlabeled data.

Supervised learning: Requires labeled datasets to train models on known input-output pairs.

Conclusion:

The robot uses Reinforcement Learning to optimize its performance based on feedback loops.

Final Answer: C. Reinforcement learning

Explanation Reference (Based on CTIA Study Concepts):

Under the CTIA topic “Machine Learning in Threat Intelligence,” reinforcement learning is defined as feedback-driven learning through reward and punishment signals.