Isaca Updated Cybersecurity-Audit-Certificate Exam Questions and Answers by denver

 The principle of least privilege is a security concept that restricts users’ access rights to only what is strictly necessary for their job functions. This control is the most effective in preventing unauthorized data access because it minimizes the chances of users, either intentionally or unintentionally, accessing data they are not authorized to view. It ensures that users are granted the minimum levels of access – or permissions – needed to perform their work. This reduces the risk of accidental or deliberate access to sensitive information.

References: The concept of least privilege is widely recognized as a fundamental security measure and is discussed in various ISACA resources. It is a key component of access control frameworks and is designed to limit the risk of unauthorized access to data, as outlined in ISACA’s guidelines1234. The principle is also part of the Identity and Access Management Audit Program provided by ISACA, which includes specific testing and evaluation criteria to assess the adequacy of safeguards in place to mitigate risks associated with unauthorized data access5.

A security operations center (SOC) is a centralized unit that monitors, detects, analyzes, and responds to cyber threats and incidents in real time. A SOC enables continuous identification and mitigation of security threats to an organization by using various tools, processes, and expertise.

The MAIN consideration when storing backup files is protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access. This is because protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access helps to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the backup data, and prevent any unauthorized or malicious disclosure, modification, or deletion of the backup data. Protecting the off-site data backup copies from unauthorized access also helps to comply with any regulatory or contractual requirements that may apply to the backup data. The other options are not the main consideration when storing backup files, but rather different aspects or factors that affect the backup process, such as using solid state device (SSD) media (A), storing backup files on public cloud storage (B), or storing copies on-site (D).

A data loss prevention (DLP) program helps protect an organization from exfiltration of sensitive data. This is because exfiltration of sensitive data is a type of cyberattack that involves stealing or leaking sensitive or confidential information from an organization’s systems or networks to an external destination or party. Exfiltration of sensitive data can cause serious harm to an organization’s reputation, operations, finances, legal compliance, etc. A DLP program helps to prevent exfiltration of sensitive data by detecting and blocking any unauthorized or suspicious attempts to access, copy, transfer, or share sensitive data by users or applications. The other options are not cyberattacks that a DLP program helps protect an organization from, but rather different types of cyberattacks that affect other aspects or objectives of information security, such as crypto ransomware infection (A), unauthorized access to servers and applications (B), or unauthorized data modification C.