Cisco Updated 300-540 Exam Questions and Answers by safaa

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

BGP Flowspec allows routers to distributetraffic-filtering rulesusing BGP NLRI.

To enable Flowspec, after neighbors are configured, the essential next step is:

✔Activate the Flowspec address-family under BGP

Example:

router bgp 65000

address-family ipv4 flowspec

neighbor X.X.X.X activate

exit-address-family

This enables:

FlowSpec NLRI exchange

Distribution of drop rules (rate-limit, redirect, null route, etc.)

Automatic ACL/class-map/policy-map generation on edge routers

Why the other options are incorrect:

B. Set BGP routing process→ already done when neighbors were configured

C. Activate neighbors→ only makes senseinsidean address-family; flowspec AF must be enabled first

D. Configure route reflector→ optional and not required for Flowspec to operate

Thus, the correct next step isA. Configure Flowspec for the BGP address-family.

For asite-to-site IPsec VPN, each peer must point to thereachable IP address of the remote VPN endpoint—that is, the IP address on the WAN/Internet-facing interface of the remote router.

From the diagram:

R1 outside (toward Internet):192.168.10.1

R2 outside (toward Internet):192.168.20.2

Inside LANs:

Site 1:10.1.0.0/24

Site 2:10.2.0.0/24

The crypto map on R1 uses:

crypto map mymap 10 ipsec-isakmp

set transform-set myset

match address 101

set peer

The must be the IP address where R1 can actually reach the IPsec peer, which is R2’s Internet-facing interface192.168.20.2.

If the peer were configured with a LAN IP such as 10.2.0.1 (site 2’s internal gateway), IKE packets would never reach the remote router because that address is not routable over the Internet.

Therefore, the correct command to bring up the VPN is:

set peer 192.168.20.2

Option A (10.1.0.1)– local LAN IP (R1’s side), not the remote endpoint.

Option C (192.168.10.1)– R1’s own WAN IP, not the remote peer.

Option D (10.2.0.1)– remote LAN IP, not reachable directly over the Internet.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation

SNMP traps in Cisco NFVIS (and in SNMP generally):

Areunsolicited notifications

Sent from the NFVIS deviceto the SNMP manager

Indicate alarms, changes, or significant operational events

Donotrequire polling

Examples:

Disk failures

VM crashes

Host status changes

Resource alarms

Why the others are wrong:

Adescribes SNMP monitoring (done by the manager with GET requests)

BSNMP cannotcontrolhost activities

DSNMP GET retrieves a variable, but traps sendunsolicitednotifications

Thus, the correct answer isC.